NT340 series
High Energy Broadly Tunable Lasers
NT340 delivers hands‑free, no-gap tuning from from 192 nm to 4400 nm at up 20 Hz repetition rate from the one box. Featuring less than 5 cm‑1 linewdith and wide choice of options laser is excellent choice for very wide range of spectroscopic applications.
Features
- Customers recognized reliability
- Two years warranty
- Hands-free no gap wavelength tuning from 192 to 4400 nm *
- Up to 90 mJ pulse energy in visible spectral range
- Up to 15 mJ pulse energy in UV spectral range
- Up to 20 mJ pulse energy in MIR spectral range
- 3 – 5 ns pulse duration
- Up to 20 Hz pulse repetition rate
- Remote control via key pad or PC
- Optional separate shared output port for 532/1064 nm beam (separate output port for the 355 nm beam is standard)
- OPO pump energy monitoring
- Hermetically sealed oscillator cavity protects non-linear crystals from dust and humidity
* Automatic wavelength scan is programmable
Applications
- Laser-induced fluorescence
- Flash photolysis
- Photobiology
- Remote sensing
- Time-resolved spectroscopy
- Non-linear spectroscopy
- Vibrational spectroscopy
- Cavity ring-down CRDS,
- cavity ring-down laser absorption CRLAS spectroscopy
- Infrared spectroscopy
- Gas spectroscopy
Description
The NT340 series tunable wavelength nanosecond laser seamlessly integrates the nanosecond optical parametric oscillator and the Nd:YAG Q-switched nanosecond laser – all in a compact housing.
The main system features are: hands-free wavelength tuning from UV to IR, high conversion efficiency, optional fiber-coupled output and separate output port for pump laser beam.
NT340 has a linewidth of less than 5 cm‑1, which is ideal for many spectroscopic applications.
The laser is designed for convenient use. The OPO pump energy monitoring system helps to control pump laser parameters. Replacement of laser flashlamps can be done without misalignment of the laser cavity and/or deterioration of laser performance.
Benefits
- Hands-free wavelength tuning – no need for physical intervention
- The system is widely tunable
- 192 – 4400 nm and delivers high pulse energy (up to 90 mJ) that allows the investigation of an extensive range of materials
- Narrow linewidth (down to 3 cm‑1) and superior tuning resolution
- (1 – 2 cm‑1) allows recording of high quality spectra
- Flashlamps replacement without misalignment of the laser cavity saves on maintenance costs
- High integration level saves valuable space in the laboratory
- In-house design and manufacturing of complete systems, including pump lasers, guarantees on-time warranty and post warranty services and spares supply
- Variety of control interfaces: USB, RS232 and optional LAN, WLAN ensures easy control and integration with other equipment
- Attenuator and fiber coupling options facilitate incorporation of NT340 systems into various experimental environments
Specifications
| Model | NT342B | NT342C | NT342E |
|---|---|---|---|
| OPO specifications 1) | |||
| Wavelength range 2) | |||
| Signal | 410 – 710 nm 3) | 410 – 710 nm 3) | 410 – 710 nm 3) |
| Idler | 710 – 2600 nm | 710 – 2600 nm | 710 – 2600 nm |
| SH generator (optional) | 210 – 410 nm | 210 – 410 nm | 210 – 410 nm |
| SH/SF generator (optional) | 210 – 410 nm | 210 – 410 nm | 210 – 410 nm |
| DUV generator (optional) | 192 – 210 nm | 192 – 210 nm | 192 – 210 nm |
| MIR generator (optional) | n/a | 2500 – 4400 nm | n/a |
| Output pulse energy | |||
| OPO 4) | 30 mJ | 60 mJ | 90 mJ |
| SH generator (optional) 5) | 4 mJ | 6.5 mJ | 10 mJ |
| SH/SF generator (optional) 6) | 6 mJ | 10 mJ | 15 mJ |
| DUV generator (optional) 7) | 0.6 mJ | 1.2 mJ | 2 mJ |
| MIR generator (optional) 8) | n/a | 20 mJ | n/a |
| Linewidth | < 5 cm‑1 9) | < 5 cm‑1 9) | < 5 cm‑1 9) |
| Minimal tuning step 10) | |||
| Signal (410 – 710 nm) | 1 cm‑1 | 1 cm‑1 | 1 cm‑1 |
| Idler (710 – 2600 nm) | 1 cm‑1 | 1 cm‑1 | 1 cm‑1 |
| SH/SF/DUV (192 – 410 nm) | 2 cm‑1 | 2 cm‑1 | 2 cm‑1 |
| MIR (2500 – 4400 nm) | n/a | 1 cm‑1 | n/a |
| Pulse duration 11) | 3 – 5 ns | 3 – 5 ns | 3 – 5 ns |
| Typical beam diameter 12) | 5 mm | 8 mm | 10 mm |
| Typical beam divergence 13) | < 2 mrad | < 2 mrad | < 2 mrad |
| Polarization | |||
| Signal | horizontal | horizontal | horizontal |
| Idler | vertical | vertical | vertical |
| SH/SF | horizontal | horizontal | horizontal |
| DUV | vertical | vertical | vertical |
| MIR | n/a | horizontal | n/a |
| Pump laser 14) | |||
| Pump wavelength | 355 nm | 355 nm | 355 nm |
| Typical pump pulse energy | 100 mJ | 150 mJ | 250 mJ |
| Pulse duration | 4 – 7 ns | 4 – 7 ns | 4 – 7 ns |
| Beam quality | Hat-top in near field, without hot spots | Hat-top in near field, without hot spots | Hat-top in near field, without hot spots |
| Beam divergence | < 0.6 mrad | < 0.6 mrad | < 0.6 mrad |
| Pulse energy stability (StdDev) | < 3.5 % | < 3.5 % | < 3.5 % |
| Pulse repetition rate | 10 or 20 Hz | 10 Hz | 10 Hz |
| Physical characteristics | |||
| Unit size (W × L × H) | 456 × 821 × 270 mm | 456 × 821 × 270 mm | 456 × 821 × 270 mm |
| Power supply size (W × L × H) | 330 × 490 × 585 mm | 330 × 490 × 585 mm | 330 × 490 × 585 mm |
| Umbilical length | 2.5 m | 2.5 m | 2.5 m |
| Operating requirements | |||
| Water consumption (max 20 °C) 16) | < 10 l/min | < 10 l/min | < 10 l/min |
| Room temperature | 18 – 27 °C | 18 – 27 °C | 18 – 27 °C |
| Relative humidity | 20 – 80 % (non-condensing) | 20 – 80 % (non-condensing) | 20 – 80 % (non-condensing) |
| Power requirements | 200 – 240 VAC, single phase, 50/60 Hz | 200 – 240 VAC, single phase, 50/60 Hz | 200 – 240 VAC, single phase, 50/60 Hz |
| Power consumption | < 1.5 kVA | < 1.5 kVA | < 1.5 kVA |
| Cleanliness of the room | not worse than ISO Class 9 | not worse than ISO Class 9 | not worse than ISO Class 9 |
| Model | NT342B | NT342C | NT342E |
|---|
- Due to continuous improvement, all specifications are subject to change. Parameters marked typical are illustrative; they are indications of typical performance and will vary with each unit we manufacture. Unless stated otherwise, all specifications are measured at 450 nm and for basic system without options.
- Hands-free tuning range is from 192 nm to 4400 nm. Up to 2500 nm idler tuning with MIR option.
- Tuning range extension to 400 – 709 nm is optional.
- Measured at 450 nm. See tuning curves for typical outputs at other wavelengths.
- Measured at 260 nm. See tuning curves for typical outputs at other wavelengths.
- Measured at 340 nm. SF generator is optimized for maximum output in 300 – 410 nm range. See tuning curves for typical outputs at other wavelengths.
- Measured at 200 nm. See tuning curves for typical outputs at other wavelengths.
- Measured at 2700 nm. See tuning curves for typical outputs at other wavelengths.
- Linewidth is <8 cm‑1 for 210 – 410 nm, 2500 – 4400 nm ranges.
- When wavelength is controlled from PC. When wavelength is controlled from keypad, tuning resolution is 0.1 nm for signal, 1 nm for idler, MIR and 0.05 nm for SH, SF and DUV.
- FWHM measured with photodiode featuring 1 ns rise time and 300 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope.
- Beam diameter is measured at 450 nm at the FWHM level. It is approximate and can vary depending on the pump pulse energy and wavelength.
- Full angle measured at the FWHM level at 450 nm, < 5 mrad at 3000 nm with MIR option.
- Separate output port for the 355 nm beam is standard. Outputs for 1064 nm and 532 nm beams are optional. Laser output will be optimised for the best OPO operation and specifications may vary with each unit we manufacture.
- Length from 821 to 1220 mm depending on configuration.
- Air cooled power supply is available as an option.
Note: Laser must be connected to the mains electricity all the time. If there will be no mains electricity for longer that 1 hour then laser (system) needs warm up for a few hours before switching on.
Tuning range extending optional add-ons
| Option | Features |
|---|---|
| -SH | Second harmonic generator for 210 – 410 nm range |
| -SF | Sum-frequency generator for 300 – 410 nm range with high pulse energy |
| -SH/SF | Combined option for highest pulse energy in 210 – 410 nm range |
| -DUV | Deep UV option for 192 – 210 nm range output |
| -MIR | Mid infrared option for 2500 – 4400 nm range output |
Accessories and other optional add-ons
| Option | Features |
|---|---|
| -FC | Fiber coupled output in 350 – 2000 nm range |
| -ATTN | Attenuator output in 350 – 2600 nm range |
| -H, -2H | Separate shared output port for pump laser harmonic (532 or 1064 nm wavelengths) |
| -AW | Air cooled power supply |
| -FWS | Fast wavelength scanning option for all ranges (excluding between ranges), wavelength shift on laser shot |
Performance
Drawings
Publications
Black phosphorene as a hole extraction layer boosting solar water splitting of oxygen evolution catalysts
As the development of oxygen evolution co-catalysts (OECs) is being actively undertaken, the tailored integration of those OECs with photoanodes is expected to be a plausible avenue for achieving highly efficient solar-assisted water splitting. Here, we demonstrate that a black phosphorene (BP) layer, inserted between the OEC and BiVO4 can improve the photoelectrochemical performance of pre-optimized OEC/BiVO4 (OEC: NiOOH, MnOx, and CoOOH) systems by 1.2∼1.6-fold, while the OEC overlayer, in turn, can suppress BP self-oxidation to achieve a high durability. A photocurrent density of 4.48 mA·cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is achieved by the NiOOH/BP/BiVO4 photoanode. It is found that the intrinsic p-type BP can boost hole extraction from BiVO4 and prolong holes trapping lifetime on BiVO4 surface. This work sheds light on the design of BP-based devices for application in solar to fuel conversion, and also suggests a promising nexus between semiconductor and electrocatalyst.
Electronic spectroscopy and nanocalorimetry of hydrated magnesium ions [Mg(H2O)n]+, n = 20–70: spontaneous formation of a hydrated electron?
Hydrated singly charged magnesium ions [Mg(H2O)n]+ are thought to consist of an Mg2+ ion and a hydrated electron for n > 15. This idea is based on mass spectra, which exhibit a transition from [MgOH(H2O)n−1]+ to [Mg(H2O)n]+ around n = 15–22, black-body infrared radiative dissociation, and quantum chemical calculations. Here, we present photodissociation spectra of size-selected [Mg(H2O)n]+ in the range of n = 20–70 measured for photon energies of 1.0–5.0 eV. The spectra exhibit a broad absorption from 1.4 to 3.2 eV, with two local maxima around 1.7–1.8 eV and 2.1–2.5 eV, depending on cluster size. The spectra shift slowly from n = 20 to n = 50, but no significant change is observed for n = 50–70. Quantum chemical modeling of the spectra yields several candidates for the observed absorptions, including five- and six-fold coordinated Mg2+ with a hydrated electron in its immediate vicinity, as well as a solvent-separated Mg2+/e− pair. The photochemical behavior resembles that of the hydrated electron, with barrierless interconversion into the ground state following the excitation.
Iminothioindoxyl as a molecular photoswitch with 100 nm band separation in the visible range
Light is an exceptional external stimulus for establishing precise control over the properties and functions of chemical and biological systems, which is enabled through the use of molecular photoswitches. Ideal photoswitches are operated with visible light only, show large separation of absorption bands and are functional in various solvents including water, posing an unmet challenge. Here we show a class of fully-visible-light-operated molecular photoswitches, Iminothioindoxyls (ITIs) that meet these requirements. ITIs show a band separation of over 100 nm, isomerize on picosecond time scale and thermally relax on millisecond time scale. Using a combination of advanced spectroscopic and computational techniques, we provide the rationale for the switching behavior of ITIs and the influence of structural modifications and environment, including aqueous solution, on their photochemical properties. This research paves the way for the development of improved photo-controlled systems for a wide variety of applications that require fast responsive functions.
Luminescence spectroscopy of oxazine dye cations isolated in vacuo
Here we report gas-phase action and luminescence spectra of cationic dyes derived from oxazine: cresyl violet (CV+), oxazine 170 (Ox-170+), nile blue (NB+), darrow red (DR+), oxazine 1 (Ox-1+), oxazine 4 (Ox-4+), and brilliant cresyl blue (BCB+). The first four have a benzofused structure, which results in asymmetric charge distributions along the long axis. The positive charge is also asymmetrically distributed in BCB+ while Ox-1+ and Ox-4+ are symmetric. As the ions are isolated in vacuo, there are no interactions with solvent molecules or counter ions, and the effect of chemical modifications is therefore more easily revealed than from solution-phase experiments. The transition energy decreases in the order: DR+ > CV+ > Ox-4+ > Ox-170+ > BCB+ > Ox-1+ > NB+, and the fluorescence from BCB+ is less than from the others. We discuss the results based on electron delocalisation, degree of charge-transfer character, rigidity of the chromophore structure, and substituents.
Luminescence Spectroscopy of Rhodamine Homodimer Dications in Vacuo Reveals Strong Dye-Dye Interactions
Being alone or together makes a difference for the photophysics of dyes but for ionic dyes it is difficult to quantify the interactions due to solvent screening and nearby counter ions. Gas-phase luminescence experiments are desirable and now possible based on recent developments in mass spectrometry. Here we present results on tailor-made rhodamine homodimers where two dye cations are separated by methylene linkers, (CH2)n. In solution the fluorescence is almost identical to that from the monomer whereas the emission from bare cation dimers redshifts with decreasing n. In the absence of screening, the electric field from the charge on one dye is strong enough to polarize the other dye, both in the ground state and in the excited state. An electrostatic model based on symmetric dye responses (equal induced-dipole moments in ground state) captures the underlying physics and demonstrates interaction even at large distances. Our results have possible implications for gas-phase Förster Resonance Energy Transfer.
Probing the Structural Evolution of the Hydrated Electron in Water Cluster Anions (H2O)n–, n ≤ 200, by Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy
Electronic absorption spectra of water cluster anions (H2O)n–, n ≤ 200, at T = 80 K are obtained by photodissociation spectroscopy and compared with simulations from literature and experimental data for bulk hydrated electrons. Two almost isoenergetic electron binding motifs are seen for cluster sizes 20 ≤ n ≤ 40, which are assigned to surface and partially embedded isomers. With increasing cluster size, the surface isomer becomes less populated, and for n ≥ 50, the partially embedded isomer prevails. The absorption shifts to the blue, reaching a plateau at n ≈ 100. In this size range, the absorption spectrum is similar to that of the bulk hydrated electron but is slightly red-shifted; spectral moment analysis indicates that these clusters are reasonable model systems for hydrated electrons near the liquid–vacuum interface.
Pulsed photo-ionization spectroscopy of traps in as-grown and neutron irradiated ammonothermally synthesized GaN
GaN-based structures are promising for production of radiation detectors and high-voltage high-frequency devices. Particle detectors made of GaN are beneficial as devices simultaneously generating of the optical and electrical signals. Photon-electron coupling cross-section is a parameter which relates radiation absorption and emission characteristics. On the other hand, photon-electron coupling cross-section together with photo-ionization energy are fingerprints of deep centres in material. In this work, the wafer fragments of the GaN grown by ammonothermal (AT) technology are studied to reveal the dominant defects introduced by growth procedures and reactor neutron irradiations in a wide range, 1012–1016 cm−2, of fluences. Several defects in the as-grown and irradiated material have been revealed by using the pulsed photo-ionization spectroscopy (PPIS) technique. The PPIS measurements were performed by combining femtosecond (40 fs) and nanosecond (4 ns) laser pulses emitted by optical parametric oscillators (OPO) to clarify the role of electron-phonon coupling. Variations of the operational characteristics of the tentative sensors, made of the AT GaN doped with Mg and Mn, under radiation damage by reactor neutrons have been considered.
The importance of relativistic effects on two-photon absorption spectra in metal halide perovskites
Despite intense research into the optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs), sub-bandgap absorption in MHPs remains largely unexplored. Here we recorded two-photon absorption spectra of MHPs using the time-resolved microwave conductivity technique. A two-step upward trend is observed in the two-photon absorption spectrum for methylammonium lead iodide, and some analogues, which implies that the commonly used scaling law is not applicable to MHPs. This aspect is further confirmed by temperature-dependent conductivity measurements. Using an empirical multiband tight binding model, spectra for methylammonium lead iodide were calculated by integration over the entire Brillouin zone, showing compelling similarity with experimental results. We conclude that the second upward trend in the two-photon absorption spectrum originates from additional optical transitions to the heavy and light electron bands formed by the strong spin-orbit coupling. Hence, valuable insight can be obtained in the opto-electronic properties of MHPs by sub-bandgap spectroscopy, complemented by modelling.
Charge carrier transport in polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films in a lateral direction characterized by time-of-flight photoconductivity
We used time-of-flight photocurrent measurements to determine the role of grain boundaries in charge carrier transport in thin layers of methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3). The measurement results were compared to Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, based on a transport model, which disentangles the transport within crystallites and hopping across grain boundaries. The observed mobilities of electrons are in the order ∼2.5 × 10−1 cm2V−1s−1. The hopping across grains is modeled with an Arrhenius-type probability rate, characterized by activation energy (Ea). It was found that the Ea estimated from the slope of a mobility-temperature dependence is in the range of ∼56–70 meV. The factors contributing to Ea are shunting pathways and the grain-size variations including energy level misalignments at the grain boundaries. These results represent a step toward a design of novel windowless organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Degradation of blue-phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices involves exciton-induced generation of polaron pair within emitting layers
Degradation of organic materials is responsible for the short operation lifetimes of organic light-emitting devices, but the mechanism by which such degradation is initiated has yet to be fully established. Here we report a new mechanism for degradation of emitting layers in blue-phosphorescent devices. We investigate binary mixtures of a wide bandgap host and a series of novel Ir(III) complex dopants having N-heterocyclocarbenic ligands. Our mechanistic study reveals the charge-neutral generation of polaron pairs (radical ion pairs) by electron transfer from the dopant to host excitons. Annihilation of the radical ion pair occurs by charge recombination, with such annihilation competing with bond scission. Device lifetime correlates linearly with the rate constant for the annihilation of the radical ion pair. Our findings demonstrate the importance of controlling exciton-induced electron transfer, and provide novel strategies to design materials for long-lifetime blue electrophosphorescence devices.
