PhotoSonus X
datasheet
- Integrated DPSS pump laser and OPO system
- Up to 90 mJ in range 650 – 2600 nm
- 100 Hz or 50 Hz pulse repetition rate
- Certification ready
- Quiet operation < 60 dB
- Integrated DPSS pump laser and OPO system
- Up to 90 mJ in range 650 – 2600 nm
- 100 Hz or 50 Hz pulse repetition rate
- Certification ready
- Quiet operation < 60 dB
Features & Options
Features
- Ultra-wide signal tuning range from 650 to 1300 nm
- Fully motorized wavelength tuning
- Fast wavelength switching
- Externally triggerable
- High, up to 90 mJ pulse energy from OPO
- 100 Hz or 50 Hz pulse repetition rate
- Certification ready
- Quiet operation < 60 dB
- Integrated DPSS pump laser and OPO into a single housing
- Fiber bundle or fiber
- Signal and Idler through the same output (optional)
- Integrated energy meter (optional)
- Electromechanical output shutter with laser self-test capability
Description
PhotoSonus X is a perfect solution for photoacoustic imaging in pre-clinical and clinical use and when fast sample scanning is required. Having high output energy of up to 90 mJ at the peak, a broad wavelength tuning range from 650 to 2600 nm, high pulse repetition rate up to 100 Hz and fast wavelength switching makes it a perfect photoacoustic imaging source for gaining high-resolution images and ensuring high data acquisition rate. Moreover, being built on a diode pumped solid-state laser platform, PhotoSonus X assures significantly quieter operation (< 60 dB) compared with flash-lamp pumped lasers, which is very beneficial for clinical use.
Diode pumped laser technology and well-engineered system design ensures high reliability and low-cost system operation. PhotoSonus X output can be coupled with almost any type of fiber bundle.
With additional options of an internal energy meter and electromechanical shutter with laser self-test capability, PhotoSonus X can be ready for certification in clinical photoacoustic applications.
Specifications
MODEL 1) | PhotoSonus X-50 | PhotoSonus X-100 |
---|---|---|
OPO | ||
Wavelength range | ||
Signal | 650 – 1300 nm | |
Idler (optional) | 1065 – 2600 nm | |
OPO output pulse energy 2) | >90 mJ | >50 mJ |
Pulse repetition rate 3) | 50 Hz | 100 Hz |
Scanning step | ||
Signal | 0.1 nm | |
Idler | 1 nm | |
Pulse duration 4) | 2 – 5 ns | |
Signal linewidth 5) | < 15 cm-1 | < 10 cm-1 |
Typical signal beam diameter (1/e²) 6) | 6 ± 1 mm | |
Control interfaces | LAN, RS232 | |
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS | ||
Cooling | Closed loop air-water cooled 7) | |
Unit size (W × L × H) | 551 × 400 × 162 mm | |
Power supply size (W × L × H) | 483 × 390 × 140 mm | |
Umbilical length, m | 0.5 m | |
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS | ||
Room temperature | 18 – 27 °C | |
Relative humidity | 20 – 80 % (non-condensing) | |
Power requirements | 100 – 240 VAC, single phase 50/60 Hz | |
Power consumption | < 2 kW |
- Due to continuous improvement, all specifications are subject to change without notice. The parameters marked typical are not specifications. They are indications of typical performance and will vary with each unit we manufacture. Unless stated otherwise all specifications are measured at 700 nm.
- Measured at the free space output. See tuning curves for typical energy levels at different wavelengths.
- Other fixed pulse repetiton rates are available upon request.
- FWHM measured with photodiode featuring 1 ns rise time and 300 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope.
- At 700 nm or higher wavelength.
- Measured at the free space output at 700 nm wavelength.
- Using external chiller.
Note: Laser must be connected to the mains electricity all the time. If there will be no mains electricity for longer that 1 hour then laser (system) needs warm up for a few hours before switching on.
Performance & Drawings
Publications
Wide-field three-dimensional photoacoustic/ultrasound scanner using a two-dimensional matrix transducer array
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
Two-dimensional matrix transducer arrays are the most appropriate imaging probes for acquiring dual-modal 3D photoacoustic (PA)/ultrasound (US) images. However, they have small footprints which limit the field-of-view (FOV) to less than 10 mm × 10 mm and degrade the spatial resolution. In this study, we demonstrate a dual-modal PA and US imaging system (using a 2D matrix transducer array and a motorized 2D scanning system) to enlarge the FOV of volumetric images. Multiple PA volumes were merged to form a wide-field image of approximately 45 mm × 45 mm. In vivo imaging was demonstrated using rat sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and bladders stained with methylene blue. We believe that this volumetric PA/US imaging technique with a 2D matrix transducer array can be a useful tool for narrow-field real-time monitoring and wide-field imaging of various preclinical and clinical studies.
An Investigation of Signal Preprocessing for Photoacoustic Tomography
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is increasingly being used for high-resolution biological imaging at depth. Signal-to-noise ratios and resolution are the main factors that determine image quality. Various reconstruction algorithms have been proposed and applied to reduce noise and enhance resolution, but the efficacy of signal preprocessing methods which also affect image quality, are seldom discussed. We, therefore, compared common preprocessing techniques, namely bandpass filters, wavelet denoising, empirical mode decomposition, and singular value decomposition. Each was compared with and without accounting for sensor directivity. The denoising performance was evaluated with the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and the resolution was calculated as the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in both the lateral and axial directions. In the phantom experiment, counting in directivity was found to significantly reduce noise, outperforming other methods. Irrespective of directivity, the best performing methods for denoising were bandpass, unfiltered, SVD, wavelet, and EMD, in that order. Only bandpass filtering consistently yielded improvements. Significant improvements in the lateral resolution were observed using directivity in two out of three acquisitions. This study investigated the advantages and disadvantages of different preprocessing methods and may help to determine better practices in PAT reconstruction.
Size-tunable ICG-based contrast agent platform for targeted near-infrared photoacoustic imaging
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
Near-infrared photoacoustic imaging (NIR-PAI) combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging to provide anatomical and functional information of tissues with high resolution. Although NIR-PAI is promising, its widespread use is hindered by the limited availability of NIR contrast agents. J-aggregates (JA) made of indocyanine green dye (ICG) represents an attractive class of biocompatible contrast agents for PAI. Here, we present a facile synthesis method that combines ICG and ICG-azide dyes for producing contrast agents with tunable size down to 230 nm and direct functionalization with targeting moieties. The ICG-JA platform has a detectable PA signal in vitro that is two times stronger than whole blood and high photostability. The targeting ability of ICG-JA was measured in vitro using HeLa cells. The ICG-JA platform was then injected into mice and in vivo NIR-PAI showed enhanced visualization of liver and spleen for 90 min post-injection with a contrast-to-noise ratio of 2.42.
Deep Learning Enhances Multiparametric Dynamic Volumetric Photoacoustic Computed Tomography In Vivo (DL-PACT)
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) has become a premier preclinical and clinical imaging modality. Although PACT's image quality can be dramatically improved with a large number of ultrasound (US) transducer elements and associated multiplexed data acquisition systems, the associated high system cost and/or slow temporal resolution are significant problems. Here, a deep learning-based approach is demonstrated that qualitatively and quantitively diminishes the limited-view artifacts that reduce image quality and improves the slow temporal resolution. This deep learning-enhanced multiparametric dynamic volumetric PACT approach, called DL-PACT, requires only a clustered subset of many US transducer elements on the conventional multiparametric PACT. Using DL-PACT, high-quality static structural and dynamic contrast-enhanced whole-body images as well as dynamic functional brain images of live animals and humans are successfully acquired, all in a relatively fast and cost-effective manner. It is believed that the strategy can significantly advance the use of PACT technology for preclinical and clinical applications such as neurology, cardiology, pharmacology, endocrinology, and oncology.
Hydrophones based on interferometric fiber-optic sensors with applications in photoacoustics
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
Biomedical imaging used for medical diagnosis constantly requires improvement in the characteristics for imaging devices. The sensing devices are one of the most important pieces to improve in order to get images with better quality. In this thesis, it is proposed the use of interferometric fiber-optic sensors (which offer the advantages inherent to optical fibers) as devices to detect pressure/acoustic signals generated by the photoacoustic effect. It is explored the capability of using fiber-optic interferometric hydrophones in order to determine the thickness of a material derived from the acoustic signal generated when a sample is illuminated. In addition, the analysis of photoacoustic signals generated by the excitation of nanoparticles of an anisotropic material as absorption centers. Finally, the cross-section of a metallic sample was photoacoustically imaged by acquiring the pressure signals generated.
Hybrid Photoacoustic/Ultrasound tomograph for real time finger imaging
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
We report a target-enclosing, hybrid tomograph with a total of 768 elements based on capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer technology and providing fast, high-resolution 2-D/3-D photoacoustic and ultrasound tomography tailored to finger imaging.A freely programmable ultrasound beamforming platform sampling data at 80 MHz was developed to realize plane wave transmission under multiple angles. A multiplexing unit enables the connection and control of a large number of elements. Fast image reconstruction is provided by GPU processing. The tomograph is composed of four independent and fully automated movable arc-shaped transducers, allowing imaging of all three finger joints. The system benefits from photoacoustics, yielding high optical contrast and enabling visualization of finger vascularization, and ultrasound provides morphologic information on joints and surrounding tissue. A diode-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and an optical parametric oscillator are used to broaden the spectrum of emitted wavelengths to provide multispectral imaging. Custom-made optical fiber bundles enable illumination of the region of interest in the plane of acoustic detection. Precision in positioning of the probe in motion is ensured by use of a motor-driven guide slide. The current position of the probe is encoded by the stage and used to relate ultrasound and photoacoustic signals to the corresponding region of interest of the suspicious finger joint. The system is characterized in phantoms and a healthy human finger in vivo. The results obtained promise to provide new opportunities in finger diagnostics and establish photoacoustic/ultrasoundtomography in medical routine.
Photoacoustic signal detection using interferometric fiber-optic ultrasound transducers
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
The cross-section of a metallic sample was photoacoustically imaged using a pulsed nanosecond laser as the excitation source and a fiber-optic hydrophone system to acquire the pressure signal. The ultrasound sensor was an extrinsic Fabry-Perot fiber-optic interferometer and the band-limited photodetected output signal was recorded in a digital oscilloscope. In order to reconstruct the image, a time set of ultrasound signals acquired in a circular scan around the sample were used to solve the time-reversal equations. It was observed that image contrast can be enhanced considering the deconvolution of the sensor frequency response from each measured pressure signal.
Detecting Rat’s Kidney Inflammation Using Real Time Photoacoustic Tomography
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) is a promising medical imaging modality that combines optical imaging contrast with the spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. It can also distinguish the changes in biological features. But, real-time PAT system should be confirmed due to photoacoustic effect for tissue. Thus, we have developed a real-time PAT system using a custom-developed data acquisition board and ultrasound linear probe. To evaluate performance of our system, phantom test was performed. As a result of those experiments, the system showed satisfactory performance and its usefulness has been confirmed. We monitored the degradation of inflammation which induced on the rat’s kidney using real-time PAT.
Image Enchancement Algorithm of Photoacoustic Tomography using Active Countour Filtering
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
The photoacoustic images are obtained from a custom developed linear array photoacoustic tomography system. The biological specimens are imitated by conducting phantom tests in order to retrieve a fully functional photoacoustic image. The acquired image undergoes the active region based contour filtering to remove the noise and accurately segment the object area for further processing. The universal vack projection method is used as the image reconstruction algorithm. The active contour filtering is analyzed by evaluating the signal to noise ratio and comparing it with the other filtering methods.
A Custom Developed Linear Array Photoacoustic Tomography for Noninvasive Medical Imaging
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
A real-time photoacoustic tomography which is capable of imaging the changes in biological features of living subject is presented. A custom developed data acquisition board and linear array transducer is used in this photoacoustic system. A phantom test were carried out to evaluate performance of the system. The developed system showed a satisfactory performance and its usefulness were evaluated. The universal back projection algorithm is used for image reconstruction and the sensitivity is analyzed from the obtained photoacoustic images.
Enhancement of objects in photoacoustic tomography using selective filtering
Related applications: Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging
Here we developed a real-time photoacoustic tomography (PAT) imaging acquisition device based on the linear array transducer utilized on ultrasonic devices. Also, we produced a phantom including diverse contrast media and acquired PAT imaging as the light source wavelength was changing to see if the contrast media reacted. Indocyanine green showed the highest reaction around the 800-nm band, methylene blue demonstrated the same in the 750-nm band, and gold nanoparticle showed the same in the 700-nm band. However, in the case of superparamagnetic iron oxide, we observed not reaction within the wavelength bands used herein to obtain imaging. Moreover, we applied selective filtering to the acquired PAT imaging to remove noise from around and reinforce the object’s area. Consequentially, we could see the object area in the imaging was effectively detected and the image noise was removed.